Ngabe I-Fibre Optic Access Network Reform iyini kwi-5G Era?
Sibonile ukwanda komkhawulokudonsa we-5G, ukunciphisa ukubambezeleka nokusekelwa okunamandla kwe-Intanethi Yezinto. Kufaka futhi inselelo enkulu kunethiwekhi yendabuko yokufinyelela kokukhanya. Okokuqala, ngezinsizakalo zendabuko ze-Intanethi, i-bandwidth yabasebenzisi beselula inyuselwa ku-1 ~ 10Gbps. Ukubambezeleka kwehliswa ku-1 ~ 10ms, okuyisisekelo esilingana nokusebenza kokufinyelela kokulayini okuqondile. Izinzuzo zebandwidth nokubambezeleka kokufinyelela kwendabuko kokulahleka ebusweni be-5G, futhi ukusebenziseka kalula kuzothuthukisa ukudluliswa kwethrafikhi ethe xaxa kunethiwekhi ye-5G engenantambo. Okwesibili, Ukuze kusetshenziswe insiza ye-IoT, i-5G IoT ine-Ukusabalala okubanzi, ukulethwa kwezinsiza okufinyeleleka kalula, indawo yomgwaqo ejwayelekile, ukusebenza okulula nokunakekelwa, kanye nezindleko eziphansi kunesango le-IoT.

Izinselelo namathuba wamanethiwekhi okufinyelela  kokukhanya esikhathini se-
olubaluleke kakhulu nengqalasizinda yezokuxhumana ekushintsheni kwedijithali kuwo wonke umphakathi, i-5G izobona ukuxhumeka kwezinto zonke, futhi ixhume abantu nemishini, imvelo, njll. Eduze kakhulu futhi ngokuyimpumelelo, futhi kuyenzeka, kushesha, kuhlakaniphile futhi kunokwethenjelwa. Ukuxhumana ukuxhumana kuzoholela ekwakheni kanye nasekuguqukeni kwemodi yokukhiqiza yomphakathi wonke, imodeli yebhizinisi kanye nendlela yokuphila.
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-4G, i-5G ingahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo eziqinile, ezihlukaniswe zibe yizimo ezintathu zebhizinisi le-telecom, eyodwa ithuthukiswa nge-Broadbandband (EMBB) ngesilinganiso esiphakeme esifinyelela ku-10Gbps, kanti okunye ukuthi inani lokuxhuma lingafinyelela esigidini esisodwa . Ixhunywe kwi-Intanethi Yezinto (mMTC), okwesithathu kungukuhamba okuphezulu, ukuxhumana okuthembekile (i-URLLC) ngokulibaziseka ekugcineni kwe-1ms, njenge-Intanethi Yezimoto.
Sibonile ukwanda komkhawulokudonsa we-5G, ukunciphisa ukubambezeleka nokusekelwa okunamandla kwe-Intanethi Yezinto. Kufaka futhi inselelo enkulu kunethiwekhi yendabuko yokufinyelela kokukhanya. Okokuqala, ngezinsizakalo zendabuko ze-Intanethi, i-bandwidth yabasebenzisi beselula inyuselwa ku-1 ~ 10Gbps. Ukubambezeleka kwehliswa ku-1 ~ 10ms, okuyisisekelo esilingana nokusebenza kokufinyelela kokulayini okuqondile. I-bandwidth kanye nokubambezeleka kwenhlanhla yokufinyelela kokujwayelekile kwendabuko kulahlekile ebusweni be-5G, futhi ukusebenziseka kalula kuzothuthukisa ukudluliswa kwethrafikhi ethe xaxa kunethiwekhi ye-5G engenantambo. Okwesibili, Ukuze kusetshenziswe insiza ye-IoT, i-5G IoT ine-Ukusabalala okubanzi, ukulethwa kwezinsiza okufinyeleleka kalula, indawo yomgwaqo ejwayelekile, ukusebenza okulula nokunakekelwa, kanye nezindleko eziphansi kunesango le-IoT.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-5G kuletha amathuba amasha amanethiwekhi wokufinyelela. Okokuqala, i-5G isebenzisa ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kwe-AAU ne-DU, futhi ngenxa yemvamisa ephezulu kangaka yokwethula inani elikhulu le-5G AAU, izikhathi eziyi-4G izikhathi ezi-2 noma ezingaphezulu, ngakho-ke i-5G ngaphambi kwenethiwekhi yokudlulisela iba ebaluleke kakhulu, isihluthulelo semithombo ye-fiber optical isatshalaliswa; lokhu kwakhiwe inethiwekhi ephezulu ye-ODN inethiwekhi ephezulu, izindleko eziphansi nokufinyeleleka kalula ngokufunwa. Ubuchwepheshe be-5G AAU, ubuchwepheshe be-WDM-PON bunikezela ngezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo. Okwesibili, i-5G isebenzisa izibonakaliso eziphakeme kakhulu, ezinamandla okuhamba odongeni kuya odongeni, futhi kunenkinga yokuwohloka komkhawulokudonsa kanye nekhwalithi yokufinyelela engazinzile emaphethelweni enethiwekhi engenantambo. Ngokuphambene, i-bandwidth nekhwalithi yensizakalo yabasebenzisi bokusebenzisa umugqa we-optical abazimele bebanga. Kuyinzuzo enkulu.
Ama-opharetha angabheka ubuhle bokufinyelela okungenantambo kwe-5G nokufinyelela kokukhanya ukwenza isengezo. Bathembela ezinsizakalweni ezinkulu ze-fiber ze-ODN nokufinyelela okuqinile kwe-bandwidth eyakhiwe kunethiwekhi ekhona ukunikeza abasebenzisi ukufinyelela okuzinzile nokuthembekile kwe-5G + FTTH kabili-gigabit.

I-Optical ukufinyelela kwenethiwekhi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye ne-hotspot yezobuchwepheshe
Ukuze kufinyelelwe ukufinyelela kwe-Gigabit ka-2G + FTTH, inethiwekhi yokufinyelela kufanelekile icubungule ngendlela efanayo ukuvela kokuguquguquka okungenazintambo, okubandakanya ukuhlela nokwakha, ukwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi, kanye nendlela yezobuchwepheshe.
Ngokombono wokuhlela nokwakha, ekuhleleni ukumbozwa kwenethiwekhi yefayibha nokwakhiwa kwegumbi lekhompyutha, kubalulekile ukucubungula ukumbozwa kwebhizinisi okukhona nokwanda kwebhizinisi okuzayo. Ukusungula indawo yokufinyelela yensiza ehlanganisiwe kuyindlela ephumelelayo, esekwe ekuhlukanisweni kwenethiwekhi ehleliwe, esiteshini esingenantambo, nezinsizakalo zebhizinisi likahulumeni, kuhlangene nokuhlukaniswa kwezindawo zokuphatha nezindawo zemvelo, ukwakheka kwenethiwekhi yomgwaqo, ukwabiwa kwamakhasimende. Enye nenye yezindawo ezihlanganisiwe yokufinyelela izinsiza ifaka inethiwekhi ye-ODN embozwe ngokuqinile negumbi lokuhlangana lemishini yokufinyelela. Igumbi lemishini yokufinyelela elihlanganisiwe lisebenzisa ngendlela efanayo i-OLT, i-BBU / DU engenantambo, nemishini yokuhambisa intambo. , ukuze kufinyelelwe esiteshini sokushintsha esimisiwe.
Ngokombono wokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi, igumbi lokufinyelela elihlanganisiwe liyindawo engosi ye-POP efinyelelwa ngabasebenzisi futhi iyindawo ebalulekile yokwaziwa kokuhlonzwa kwensiza nokulayisha phansi efwini. Igumbi elikhulu lokufinyelela elinamandla amakhulu linciphisa inani lamakamelo womshini futhi lihlangabezana nezidingo zokwenza kube lula inethiwekhi opharetha. Ngokuqala igumbi lokusebenzela elinemininingwane ebanzi, imodeli yensizakalo enobunye, ukucaciswa kwegumbi lamathuluzi, izindlela zobuchwepheshe, kanye nezisombululo zokuxhumana, ukuvela kokuzayo kwinethiwekhi ye-SDN kanye nokwethulwa kokusebenza nokulungiswa okukhaliphile kwe-AI kuzokwenza lula ukwakhiwa nokusebenza kwalo lonke i-opical macho finyelela inethiwekhi futhi wehlise ukusebenza. Izindleko zebhizinisi.
Endleleni yezobuchwepheshe, ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo zokuhlangenwe nakho okwedlulele kwezinsizakalo ezintsha ezifana ne-4K / 8K / VR / AR, ikhebula lithuthukiselwa kubuchwepheshe be-10G PON, futhi i-wireless ingeze ukufinyelela kwe-5G ukufinyelela ngaphezu komkhawulokudonsa we-1Gbps umsebenzisi ngamunye. Ngokusebenzisa ingqalasizinda ye-NFVI icwila ukufinyelela egumbini lokusebenza kanye nobuchwepheshe be-MEC, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zebhizinisi ezisezingeni eliphansi zesikhathi sangempela, yenza izinsizakalo ezintsha ezifana ne-VR, ukuxhumana kwezimoto, ukulawulwa kude.
Ukugxila ekusebenzeni okusebenzayo kakhulu kwemithombo ye-fiber ye-ODN, ubuchwepheshe be-PON obususelwa ekwakhiweni kwe-point-to-multipoint kunikeza izinkomba eziningi ze-hotspot, kufaka nobuchwepheshe be-WDM-PON bokudlulisela ngaphambi kwe-5G nobuchwepheshe be-50G PON bandwidth enkulu.
I-WDM-PON ubuchwepheshe bokwakhiwa kwamaphuzu we-point -to- multipoint (bheka isithombe esingezansi). Isebenzisa ama-wavelengths azimele ukuhlinzeka ngamapayipi aqinile kumsebenzisi ngamunye, futhi ijubane likhuphukela ku-25Gbps, elihlangabezana nezidingo zokuhambisa ngaphambi kwe-5G. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-WDM-PON ifana nenethiwekhi ekhona ye-ODN isindisa imithombo ye-fiber yomgogodla, futhi ilungele ukumbozwa kwe-5G ezindaweni eziminyene zasemadolobheni. Ngenye yezinqumo ezibalulekile zobuchwepheshe bokudlulisela phambili kwe-5G. Njengamanje, i-WDM-PON isanezinkinga ezifana nezindleko eziphakeme kanye nokwethenjwa okuphansi kwezimo lokushisa zokusebenza, ezidinga ukuxazululwa ngenxanxathela yezimboni.

I-PON yesizukulwane esilandelayo isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-50G PON, futhi i-ITU-T isungulwe ngonyaka we-2018. I-50G PON yamukela ubuchwepheshe be-single-wavelength, iyahambelana ne-XG (S) PON ne-GPON, futhi ithuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kokulibaziseka kwe-uplink ngokusebenzisa i-DBA ephansi kakhulu ubuchwepheshe. Ingahlangabezana nezidingo zokwanda kwebandwidth yasekhaya ebanzi, futhi futhi ingasetshenziselwa uhulumeni kanye namabhizinisi kanye ne-5G encane base backhaul. Inkambu entsha ilwandise kakhulu uhla lwesicelo se-PON futhi iyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuguqula ubuchwepheshe kubaqhubi ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele amanethiwekhi we-ODN akhona.
Imicabango ekwakhiweni kwe-Optical Access Network esikhathini se-  kokukhanya Era
Umongo wokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi yokungena ngesikhathi se-5G ukwakha igumbi lokufinyelela elihlanganisiwe egumbini elihlanganisiwe elihlanganisiwe leselula, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zobuchwepheshe zesivinini, ezilula, nezishintshashintshayo , uhlakaniphile futhi uthembekile. Reference test FIG., Ngenkathi igcina uhlelo lokuphakelwa kwamandla okuqala (kufaka phakathi amandla wesipele), icala lapho uhlelo lokupholisa olusebenzisa umoya, isistimu yokulawula, neziteshi zokuhambisa, inethiwekhi yokufinyelela ihlukaniswe ngamamojula amane wangaphakathi wegumbi.

- Umsebenzi wokuxhumeka: kubhekiswa kwinethiwekhi yangaphakathi yegumbi lokungena, bhekisa ekwakhiweni kweSpine-Leaf kwesikhungo sedatha, ukusungula i-bandwidth enkulu, i-scalable, ne-system yangaphakathi yokuxhumana yangaphakathi ukuhlangana ne-wireless DU / i-OLT / uplink transmit / igumbi lokungena leNFVI Complex ukuxhumana kwezamabhizinisi kanye nokuqinisekiswa kweQoS phakathi kwengqalasizinda;
- Inethiwekhi yokufinyelela: kubhekiswa ku-DU engenantambo kanye ne-OLT enezintambo, enesibopho sokufinyelela ngaphandle kwentambo kanye nezintambo ngokulandelana;
- Ingqalasizinda ye-NFVI (umsebenzi wokugcina wekhompiyutha):  Njengemodyuli eqhelile yesikhungo sedatha ye- EDC,  insiza ye-NFV esebenza kuyo ilawulwa yinethiwekhi engu-5G yomgogodla ukuqinisekisa ukucubungula okusheshayo kwemisebenzi yesikhathi sangempela nokuthuthukisa isipiliyoni somsebenzisi;
- Umsebenzi wokuhambisa: Inikezela ngesibonisi senethiwekhi-ukuthwala ngendlela efanayo ukuthwala i-wired and wireless traffic; idivaysi yokudlulisela ingaba i-OTN, IPRAN noma i-SPN.
Eqinisweni, inani lokufinyelela egumbini lamakhompiyutha likhulu, futhi izimo zemvelo kanye nemvelo nazo zihlukile kakhulu. Ukutshalwa kwemali okuyimali nezinsizakusebenza zokushintshwa kwemishini yonke kukhulu futhi umthwalo womsebenzi mkhulu. Ekusetshenzisweni okuthile, lezi zimiso ezintathu ezilandelayo kufanele zicatshangwe ngokugcwele futhi zisetshenziswe ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo. Kancane kancane kwavela.
- Isisekelo sokuvuleka: Umsebenzi wokufinyelela, umsebenzi wokuxhuma, ingqalasizinda ye-NFVI (umsebenzi wokugcina wekhompyutha) nomsebenzi wokuhambisa kwinethiwekhi yegumbi lokungena kufanele uxhase isibonisi esivulekile; idivaysi yengqalasizinda yeNFVI yabiwe ngayo yonke imisebenzi nabasebenzisi egumbini lokusebenzela. .
- Isimiso sokukhubazeka: Izimo ezithile zokufinyelela egumbini lokusebenza zisehluke kakhulu, njengezimo zehadiwe njengendawo yemishini yegumbi, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla, nokuqothuka kokushisa; umsebenzi wokufinyelela, umsebenzi wokuxhuma, ingqalasizinda ye-NFVI (umsebenzi wokugcina wekhompiyutha), nomsebenzi wokudlulisela egumbini lokufinyelela Nqampuna ngokususelwa kwizidingo zangempela zebhizinisi nokusekelwa kokunwebeka ngokushelela komsebenzi namandla.
- Umgomo wokuguquguquka: Ukuguqulwa kwenethiwekhi kwekamelo lokuthola impahla kufanele kususelwe ekuqinisekiseni okubushelelezi kolwakhiwo lwezinto zokusebenza olukhona. Ngaphansi kwesakhiwo sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwezinsizakalo ezikhona, imisebenzi efanele ingaqoqwa kalula ngokuya ngemibandela yegumbi lemishini.
Inethiwekhi yokufinyelela kokukhanya esikhathini se-5G isenenani elikhulu. Ngokusekelwe kwimithombo ye-fiber ye-ODN ye-ubiquitous, ngokwakhiwa kwendawo yokufinyelela okuhlangene, izinsizakalo ezingenantambo nezingenantambo zingathintwa nendawo yegumbi lezemishini, futhi nokwabelana ngezinsizakusebenza njengegumbi lemishini kanye noNgqongqoshe kungabonakala. Kuhlanganiswe nokuvela okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe be-PON kanye nokungeniswa kobuchwepheshe be-SDN ne-NFV. Ukubona ushintsho olunobuhlakani bekamelo lemishini yokufinyelela elihlanganisiwe nokwenza lula ukuthunyelwa kwensiza kanye nokusebenza kanye nokunakekelwa.